[变频空调维修]-第12章-跳闸故障-第6节-室外机接线端子短路,上电空气开关跳闸

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第6节 室外机接线端子短路,上电空气开关跳闸

故障说明

海尔KFR-25GW/BP×2一拖二挂式交流变频空调器只要将电源插头插入电源,空气开关便跳闸保护。将电源插头插入电源插座时,能看到明显的打火现象,说明空调器存在短路故障。

此机电源供电方式为:电源插头引线直供室外机,在室外机接线端子上分2个支路为2个室内机供电,在工作时只要将电源插头通上电源,室外机和室内机的电控系统就一直供电,空调器供电时交流220V通过硅桥首先为滤波电容充电,因此应首先检查硅桥、PTC电阻、模块等元器件。

1.检查室外机电控系统元器件

断开空调器电源,首先使用万用表二极管挡测量硅桥,4个端子之间均符合二极管特性,说明硅桥正常;使用二极管挡测量模块时,P/N/U/V/W 5个端子之间也符合二极管特性,说明模块也正常,从而排除元器件短路造成的空气开关跳闸故障。

使用万用表电阻挡,黑表笔接硅桥的交流输入端,红表笔接接线端子上L线时,阻值约为40Ω,判断PTC电阻正常,并且室外机主控继电器触点处于断开状态,均正常。由于此机PTC电阻为老式元件,为避免误判,使用柜式空调器室外机主板上面的PTC电阻并联代替试机,再次将空调器通电,空气开关仍旧跳闸保护,排除PTC电阻及主控继电器触点粘连损坏故障。

①拔下模块P、N引线,上电后空气开关跳闸保护,排除模块短路故障。

②短接滤波电感,上电后空气开关仍旧跳闸保护,排除滤波电感漏电故障。

③拔下滤波电容上正极和负极引线,上电后空气开关仍旧跳闸保护,排除滤波电容无容量故障。

④拔下硅桥交流输入端的2根引线,上电后空气开关仍旧跳闸保护,排除硅桥短路故障。

⑤由于室外机接线端子引线至硅桥输入端只有PTC电阻等元器件,而PTC电阻故障已排除,应重点检查电源供电引线。

2.检查电源供电引线

如图12-30左图所示,室外机有3组接线端子,一组为供电引线,3芯,连接电源插头;另外两组为2个室内机的供电和通信线,每组4芯。

拔下3芯供电接线端子上方的引线,这样就断开室外机和室内机电控系统。将空调器通上电源,空气开关仍旧跳闸保护,说明室外机和室内机电控系统正常,将故障压缩在3芯供电引线和接线端子上。

在室外机3芯供电接线端子上断开连接线,使用万用表电阻挡测量电源插头3根引线阻值,均为无穷大,说明电源供电线正常;依旧使用万用表电阻挡,测量接线端子的3个端子之间的阻值,也均为无穷大,说明接线端子也正常。

如图12-30右图所示,为准确判断故障,将3芯供电接线端子上端引线并在B机接线端子上方,再将3芯供电引线并在B机接线端子下端的3芯供电端,这样就断开了3芯供电端子,再将空调器通上电源,空气开关不再跳闸,断电恢复线路后试机,空气开关也不再跳闸,在上电的同时能听到电子膨胀阀阀针复位的“哒哒”声,说明室外机电控系统供电已恢复正常,故障点在室外机3芯供电接线端子。

图12-30 更改引线

图12-30 更改引线

如图12-31所示,再次使用万用表电阻挡测量3芯供电接线端子,L与N阻值仍为无穷大,但由于确定其损坏,说明万用表电阻挡测量不准。将封口盖拆下后,能看到接线端子内部明显的打火痕迹,判断由于接线端子内部打火,导致供电引线L与N短路,上电后空气开关跳闸保护。

图12-31 接线端子打火

图12-31 接线端子打火

维修措施

更换3芯接线端子。

总结

3芯供电接线端子内部因打火损坏,造成空调器上电后空气开关跳闸保护,在实际维修中故障率较小,本例在检修约2h后才检查到故障根源。


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