[变频空调维修]-第9章-模块故障-第6节-自举升压电路电阻开路,更换后炸模块

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第6节 自举升压电路电阻开路,更换后炸模块

故障说明

海信KFR-26GW/27FZBPE挂式直流变频空调器遥控开机后室外机风机运行约30s后停机,并且不再运行,压缩机始终不运行。

1.检修过程

遥控开机后,室外风机运行约30s后停止运行,压缩机始终不运行,取下室外机上盖,模块板上指示灯以LED1和LED3闪、LED2灭的方式显示故障代码,含义为“直流压缩机启动失步”。到室内机检查,按压遥控器上“高效”键4次,显示屏显示“19”的故障代码,含义同样为“直流压缩机启动失步”,说明故障为压缩机启动不起来。

到室外机检查,使用万用表直流电压挡测量模块板上的3芯供电插座CN06,黑表笔接中间地,红表笔接两侧引脚,电压分别为直流5V和15V,说明室外机主板向模块板的供电正常;黑表笔不动,红表笔接3路自举升压电路中的自举升压电容正极引脚,实测U相为直流15V,W相为直流15V,而V相为直流0V,说明V相供电有故障。

如图9-34所示,断开空调器电源,待室外机主板开关电源停止工作后,取下模块板,使用万用表电阻挡在路测量V相电阻R27阻值为16MΩ,而U相电阻R26和W相电阻R28阻值为10Ω,电阻规格为10R0,正常阻值为10Ω,判断V相电阻R27开路损坏。

图9-34 测量W相和V相自举升压电阻阻值

图9-34 测量W相和V相自举升压电阻阻值

如图9-35所示,R27使用10Ω的贴片电阻,由于无相同阻值的贴片电阻,使用相同阻值的五环精密电阻代换,将引脚焊在原电阻位置。

图9-35 使用精密电阻代替贴片电阻

图9-35 使用精密电阻代替贴片电阻

2.更换检修过的模块板

将模块板安装在室外机电控系统的散热片上,并拧紧固定螺丝,空调器通上电源,遥控器开机后室内机主板向室外机供电,室外风机首先运行,约30s后室外机CPU控制压缩机启动时,只听到室外机发出很响的“啪”的一声后,空调器自动断电,查看为空调器供电的空气开关已跳开保护。

如图9-36所示,拆下模块板,查看模块已炸裂,其中的引脚有明显烧黑的痕迹;使用万用表二极管挡测量PFC模块中硅桥时,测量N端子与交流L相线输入端子已击穿短路。

图9-36 模块引脚烧黑和测量硅桥端子

图9-36 模块引脚烧黑和测量硅桥端子

如图9-37所示,使用万用表二极管挡测量模块P和N端子,已击穿短路;测量P与U、V、W端子时,3次测量全部击穿短路;测量N与U、V、W端子时,3次测量全部击穿短路;相互测量U、V、W 3个端子时,也全部击穿短路,说明模块P、N、U、V、W 5个端子之间全部击穿短路。

图9-37 测量模块端子

图9-37 测量模块端子

总结

①本例3路自举升压电路元器件损坏,造成某一相自举升压电路的直流15V电压不正常,CPU控制模块工作时会立即保护,报出“直流压缩机启动失步”的故障代码。

②静态(不开机状态)测量方法:黑表笔接地(测量时接模块N端子引线即可),红表笔接自举升压电路中电阻上端和下端电压,正常应均为直流15V,如某个电阻上端为15V,下端为0V,则说明电阻开路损坏。

说明:红表笔接电阻下端测量电压时,有些模块为直流15V,有些模块为直流50V左右,无论哪一种数值,U、V、W三相电压应相同,即为直流15V时三相全为15V,为直流50V时全为50V。

③动态(开机状态)测量方法:黑表笔接自举升压电容负极引脚,红表笔接正极引脚,在CPU控制模块工作的瞬间,电压由静态的直流0V立即变为直流15V,且U、V、W三相自举升压电容两端电压相等,如果某一相电压为直流0V,则说明相应的自举升压电路存在故障,应断电后测量电阻阻值。

④本例模块板最初只是10Ω贴片电阻损坏,模块P、N、U、V、W端子正常,PFC模块中硅桥也正常,但是更换10Ω电阻后,上电开机运行便造成模块和PFC模块损坏,这说明更换的10Ω电阻起保护作用,当电路有故障时才会开路保护。如果只是更换10Ω电阻,而未查出故障根源,则会上电后造成更大面积的损坏。估计先前模块板上模块没有损坏,故障根源可能为自举升压二极管损坏,维修时应同时更换二极管和电阻。


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