[安全知识]维修电工安全用电常识

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(1)导线、接头、插座、接线盒要分开放置,连接方式应符合规范,不得乱拉乱接电线,注意导线连接处要有良好的绝缘。

(2)室内布线及电气设备不可有裸露的带电体,应将裸露部分包上绝缘带或装设罩盖。当闸刀开关罩盖、熔断器、按钮盒、插头、插座等有破损而使带电部分外露时,应及时更换,不可将就使用。

(3)在高温、潮湿和有腐蚀性气体的场所(如厨房、浴室、卫生间等),不允许安装一般的插头、插座,应选用有罩盖的防溅型插座。检修这类场所的灯具时,特别要注意防止触电,最好是断电后进行。

(4)开关要装在火线(又称相线)上,不能装在零线上。采用螺口灯座时,火线必须接在灯座的顶芯上;灯泡拧进后,金属部分不可外露。悬挂吊灯的灯头离地面的高度不应小于2m。

(5)安装电灯严禁用“一线一地”(即用铁丝或铁棒插入地下代替零线)的做法。

(6)更换灯泡时要先关闭电源,人站在木凳或干燥的木板上,使人体与地面绝缘。

(7)在一个插座上不应接过多用电器;由于电度表和导线用电量有限,不可超负荷用电。

(8)不可用湿手接触带电的开关、灯座、导线和其他带电体。

(9)使用家用电器(特别是新购买的电器)前,应了解其性能、特点、使用方法以及注意事项,先不要乱动。

(10)有金属外壳的家用电器(如电冰箱、电扇、电熨斗、电烙铁、电热炊具等),要用有接地极的三极插头和三孔插座,而且要求接地装置良好,或者加装触电保安器。当不能满足这些要求时,至少应采取电气隔离措施。

(11)不可将照明灯、电熨斗、电烙铁等器具的导线绕在手臂上进行工作。

(12)用电器具出现异常,如电灯不亮,电视机无影像或无声音,电冰箱、洗衣机不启动等情况时,要先切断电源,再进行修理。

(13)电气设备工作时,不允许以拖拉电源线方式来搬移电器。电气设备不使用时应及时切断电源。尽量避免雨天修理户外电气设备或移动带电的电气设备。

(14)临时使用的电线要用绝缘电线、花线、电缆等,禁止使用裸导线,导线不得随地乱拖,要尽可能吊挂起来。临时线用毕后应及时拆除,不要长久带电。临时线的绝缘性能也要符合要求,不可用老化破旧的电线。临时线拆除时需先切断电源,并从电源一端拆向负载;安装时,顺序与此相反,即线路全部安装完毕后才能接通电源。

(15)禁止在电线上晾衣服、挂东西。不要接近已断了的电线,更不可直接接触。雷雨时不要接近避雷装置的接地极。

(16)尽可能不带电修理电器和电线。在检修前,应先用试电笔检测其是否带电,经确认无电后方可工作。另外,为防止线路突然来电,应拉开闸刀开关,并拔下熔断器盖带在身上。


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