[安全知识]漏电保护器的应用

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什么是漏电保护器

漏电保护器又叫漏电保安器、漏电开关,它是一种十分有效的防止人身触电的保护装置。漏电保护器的工作原理是利用人体在触电时产生的触电电流,使漏电保护装置。漏电保护器的工作原理是利用人体在触电时产生的触电电流,使漏电保护器感应出信号,经过电子放大线路或开关电路,推动脱扣机构,使电源开关动作,将电源切断,从而保证人身安全。漏电保护器对电气设备的漏电电流极为敏感。人体接触了漏电的用电器后产生的漏电电流只要达到10~30mA,就能使漏电保护器在极短的时间(如0.1s)内跳闸,切断电源,因此,目前漏电保护器在工农业生产以及日常生活用电中已得到了广泛的应用。漏电保护器分为单相和三相。在工业生产中采用三相漏电保护器,而在日常生活中或220V电路中采用单相漏电保护器,漏电保护器的外形见图1(a)、(b),图1 (a)为单相漏电保护器,图1(b)为三相漏电保护器。

图1 漏电保护器外形

图1 漏电保护器外形

 

漏电保护器的选用

漏电保护器的内部电路如图2所示。它的工作原理是人体在触电时产生的触电电流使漏电保护器感应出信号,经过电子放大线路或开关电路推动脱扣机构,使电源开关动作,将电源切断。

图2 漏电保护器电路

图2 漏电保护器电路

(1)形式的选择:电压型漏电保护器基本上已被淘汰,一般情况下,应优先选用电流型漏电保护器。

(2)极数的选择:单相220V电源供电的电气设备,应选用二极二线式或单极二线式漏电保护器;三相三线制380V电源供电的电气设备,应选用三极式漏电保护器;三相四线制380V电源供电的电气设备,或者单相设备与三相设备共用电路,应选用三极四线式、四极四线式漏电保护器。

(3)额定电流的选择:漏电保护器的额定电流不应小于实际负载电流。

(4)可靠性的选择:额定电压在50V以上的Ⅰ类电动工具,应选用动作电流不大于15mA并在0.1s以内动作的快速动作型漏电保护器,同时还必须做接地或接零保护;主要用于间接接触保护目的时,单台电气设备可选用额定漏电动作电流为30~50mA的快速型漏电保护器;大型或多台电气设备可选用额定漏电动作电流为50~100mA的快速型漏电保护器。合格的漏电保护器动作时间不应大于0.1s,否则将无法完全保证人身安全。

 

漏电保护器应用举例

漏电保护器应用范围很广,近年来在低压电气设备中得到了广泛应用。图3所示为220V低压电气进户安装漏电保护器接线线路。

图3 漏电保护器线路

图3 漏电保护器线路



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